What are the Compulsory First Vaccines for Newborns in India?

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases and protect children from serious illnesses. The Indian government has implemented a robust immunization program under National Immunization Schedule, which aims to provide protection against a range of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Three Essential Vaccines OPV, HepB1, and BCG are given at birth or within 24 hours:

1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine - prevents TB, given intramuscular. BCG injection is given in upper arm and the site becomes sore over a period of time, leaving a permanent mark. If you will check your upper left arm this mark is there, proving that you were given BCG at birth.
2. Hepatitis B (HepB1) - prevents hepatitis, given intramuscular.
3. OPV (Oral Poliovirus Vaccine) - prevents polio, its a drop given orally.

Why OPV (Oral Poliovirus Vaccine) is given at birth or with 3/5 days?

1. Newborn babies are highly susceptible to infections due to their immature immune system.
2. Administering the OPV vaccine soon after birth maximizes its effectiveness in preventing polio.
3. The vaccine provides early protection against polio, which can help reduce the risk of complications and mortality associated with this disease.

Why is BCG Immunization is done at birth of a baby?

1. It is given to protect against tuberculosis (TB), which is a major public health concern in India.
2. protect against severe forms of TB, such as miliary TB and tuberculous meningitis, which are often life-threatening.

why is HepB1 vaccine is given so soon to newborns?

1. It is a single-dose vaccine that provides protection against hepatitis B, a viral infection that can cause liver disease.
2. The HepB1 vaccine is part of the standard immunization schedule in India and is administered as a standalone dose.
3. Given soon after birth helps prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Remember that Newborn babies at high risk for getting infections due to their immature immune system. A good personal and home cleanliness is essential to keep baby safe. Giving these vaccines soon after birth helps in preventing disease. The complete Indian Immunization Schedule begins at birth and goes on till 10 years of age. Introduction of HPV vaccine has led to increase in this age frame till 14 years of age.